Iran’s Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei addressed ongoing nationwide protests on January 3, 2026, stating that while economic grievances are legitimate and officials should engage in dialogue with peaceful protesters, “rioters must be put in their place.” He drew a sharp distinction: “We talk to protesters, the officials must talk to them. But there is no benefit to talking to rioters.”
This comes amid protests that began in late December 2025 over Iran’s collapsing economy—particularly the rial’s plunge (trading at record lows amid soaring inflation and sanctions)—and have escalated into widespread unrest across more than 20 provinces. Demonstrators, including shopkeepers, students, and others, have chanted anti-regime slogans like “Death to the dictator” and calls for Khamenei’s overthrow.
Reports indicate at least 10 deaths, including protesters and security forces, with violence in cities like Qom, Harsin, and western provinces. Rights groups report higher casualties from clashes and live fire, while state media blames “rioters” for attacks on police and Basij members. Arrests have surged into the hundreds, with internet restrictions in affected areas.
Khamenei blamed foreign powers (US, Israel) for instigating unrest without evidence, vowed Iran “will not yield to the enemy,” and signaled a hardline response, potentially authorizing stronger crackdowns. This echoes tactics used in past uprisings, like 2022’s Mahsa Amini protests.
The unrest marks the largest challenge since 2022, fueled by economic despair but turning political. US President Trump has threatened support for protesters, heightening tensions.