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Electric automobiles are vehicles that derive their power from electric motors. Many people may think that this is a fairly new invention, when in fact, some early automobiles were already powered by electric motors that were fueled by batteries. However, the rapid development of internal combustion engines pushed electric vehicles out of the market.
Electric motor systems are environmentally friendly and emit less pollution than combustion engines. They are also very energy efficient. In fact, 75 percent of the energy stored in a battery reaches the wheels of an automobile, while only 20 percent of the chemical energy derived from gasoline is used by the wheels in an internal combustion engine.
Another advantage of electric vehicles is that they can deliver power at engine speed. This ensures strong acceleration performance for the electric vehicle.
The key factor that determines the cost and performance of an electric vehicle is the battery. Today, advances in electric automotive technology have produced many types of batteries such as advanced lead-acid batteries, lithium polymer batteries and nickel metal hydride. However, even though an electric motor is extremely efficient, the capacity of a battery is very limited. For example, the best batteries can store only a fraction of the energy of a gallon of gasoline in the same volume. The obvious solution to this is recharging. However, it may take a long time to fully charge the battery.
Electric automobiles still have a long way to go before reaching the mainstream market. Technology continues to improve and new innovations are constantly being introduced. Currently, hybrid vehicles such as gasoline-electric hybrids are achieving great success. With the constant advancements in electric automobile technology, it won’t be long before we see a more efficient and powerful electric automobile, and this time, they are likely to be on the market for good.
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