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The blame for the housing crisis has been placed several times on President Clinton, who was urged by minority leaders while he was in office to expand opportunities for homeownership. As a response, President Clinton urged lenders to offer more flexible loan programs to help minority families, who otherwise had been left out of the dream, get a chance at homeownership.
The guidelines introduced by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac were strict and required a 20% reduction; Money that most minority families did not have. A lack of down payment has kept many minority families from realizing the dream of homeownership. As lenders began to relax their guidelines, subprime mortgages began to rise 500% in a few years.
Subprime lending offered alternative financing options that had more relaxed underwriting guidelines as it pertained to income documentation and credit. Until the birth of subprime lending, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac were the only two institutions that loaned money to banks to help homeowners. However, their guidelines were strict and required a 20% down payment.
Subprime Lending also offered alternative income verification, such as a bank statement, and several declared income programs for those who do not fall under the traditional W-2 employee status. Subprime lending programs were needed to give Americans a chance to become homeowners. Small business owners could finally qualify for mortgages, and people who may have had a few setbacks with their credit had a chance at homeownership.
Consumers rushed to buy homes when lenders offered little or no money, leading to a frenzy of newly untrained loan officers entering the industry to capitalize on the demand for real estate. Loan officers were often not trained, or trained, to provide loan programs to consumers that often cost more than they qualify for, with additional junk fees and unnecessary prepayment penalties. Many subprime programs were good for consumers. This was not subprime lending; It was the misuse and extension of the underwriting guidelines that got us into trouble. To top it off, consumers were placed in overseas mortgages by loan officers and brokers, who were incentivized by the lending institutions to do so.
A perfect example is the incentives given by banks and other banks across the country to loan servicers, who put consumers on pre-payment penalties on Option Arm loans and encourage them to increase the consumer margin, a major component in the consumer’s interest rate. Is. (Loans that adjust monthly and have a negative amortization effect on a mortgage are broken down in the Options Branch Loan Mortgage Types chapter.) The higher the loan officer’s margin, the more money they received from the bank and the higher the loan officer’s margin. The longer the prepayment penalty, the more money the lender owes the loan officer or broker.
The loan officers were getting as much as the 4% discount home negative amortization or option arm loans they sold to customers, which is $12,000 in discount fees on a $300,000 loan, not to be mistaken with other fees. Loan officers and wholesale account officers were greatly encouraged to sell adjustable mortgages to consumers. The reason was simple – adjustable mortgages were more in demand by investors because they projected future income when the consumer’s loan rate was adjusted.
This means that if you were paying 7% on the loan for two years, the investors hoped they could make more money on your loan when it was adjusted over 2 years. Little did investors know that lenders had eased guidelines and consumers could barely afford the payments initially received, let alone increased mortgage payments, which have doubled at times. Investors did not realize that they would be buying loans secured by real estate, but they were not worth much because the consumers who were responsible for the payments could not afford the mortgage. The guidelines were further relaxed when President Bush encouraged lenders to take on America’s homeownership challenge to get 10 million more minority households into homes by 2010. The challenge was made in 2001 by President Bush. Suffering economy. While 75% of more Caucasian households owned homes, only 48% of minority households owned a home.
Minority households were an untapped market, helping to spur activity in the real estate industry. This became an emerging market for lenders and specialized divisions and programs were established. Some such divestitures, such as BNC Mortgage, the once subprime arm of WAMU, used tactics to secure minorities into homes that were less than ethical. The more flexible the programs became, the lower interest rates and rising property values increased demand. This sent Americans refinancing and taking more than $2 trillion of equity out of their homes in 3 years or less during the peak of refinancing. Americans now have less equity in their homes than they did in the ’80s. The unfortunate part is that many families who refinanced their homes into exotic types of mortgages that, when adjusted or expired, will no longer be able to afford the consumer mortgage. This type of strategy was also used when consumers bought homes.
Prior to the mortgage crisis, more than $9 billion in hard-earned equity was reported to be lost each year due to predatory lending practices. A few billion every year, has now turned into a global financial crisis. Many families today are suffering and still do not realize that they are paying too much on their mortgages. White House data released showed that more than 50% of American households were paying higher interest rates on their mortgages than they were eligible for, losing thousands of dollars in equity each year. HMDA data showed the average African American and Hispanic household, with a good credit score, received a 2–3% higher interest rate on their mortgage than a Caucasian buyer with the same credit.
The United States Home Mortgage Disclosure Act (or HMDA, pronounced HUM-duh) was passed in 1975. It requires financial institutions to maintain and annually disclose data about home purchases, home purchase pre-approvals, home improvements and refinance applications. 4 unit and multifamily residences. On a $300,000 loan, a family paying 2% more would lose $700 a month and pay more than $300,000 in interest over 30 years.
The collapse of the mortgage industry has resulted in the closure of most subprime lenders and tightening of guidelines; Fewer borrowers will qualify, fewer will refinance, and there will be more short sales and foreclosures, affecting the value of surrounding properties. Consumers have less money to spend, and all this further weakens the downturn in the real estate market.
We have gone backwards and now it will be difficult for the average homeowner to achieve home ownership, affecting those who were already suffering.
As subprime lending expanded the opportunity for more families to become homeowners, predatory abuses caused the mortgage crisis.
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